My reflections and notes about hydrology and being a hydrologist in academia. The daily evolution of my work. Especially for my students, but also for anyone with the patience to read them.
Tuesday, December 28, 2021
Edward Wilson (1929-2021) - A storm in the Amazon
Monday, December 27, 2021
DARTH4MED - A Digital eARth Twin of Hydrology for the prediction of water scarcity in the Mediterranean area
D4M gives substance, both technical and scientific, to the Digital Earth metaphor and exploits it to improve the work of scientists and professionals, and to support open science. It aims to provide a shared infrastructure usable by scientists and users to investigate the processes involved in the water, energy and carbon budgets, WB, EB and CB, at a very fine spatial and temporal scale, 1 km2, hourly.
The GEOframe system already contains a sophisticated and complete set of modelling components, constituting a solid basis of comparison for innovative developments. Open API and training will be offered to anyone to advance the mathematical, statistical and numerical descriptions of hydrological and eco-hydrological processes with little programming effort. From this perspective, the project will be an experiment in participatory science, since the tools developed could be improved and given back by collaborative researchers. The method of multiple hypothesis testing will be the rule of scientific endeavour.
The core of the system will manage the interactions of groundwater, vadose zone, surface water, snow, vegetation, atmosphere, usually analyzed separately, and join them seamlessly in the continuum containing the feedbacks among the parts. On these bases researchers will be able to evaluate climate, hydrologic, pedological, ecological droughts.
- To provide the core of a DE, defined as a Digital eARth Twin Hydrology system (a DARTH), to do hydrology by computer, with an infrastructure that allows partecipative hydrology and makes Earth system science practice easier for all the Italian Peninsula.
- To improve the modelling of the water budget, WB, energy budget, EB, Vegetation and Carbon Cycle.
- To provide forecasts for several variables, as detailed in the Synopsis.
- To resolve some research questions, as presented in the Synopsis.
- To give researchers sound tools on which to base their analysis of climate, hydrologic, pedological, ecological and agronomic droughts.
- To provide a high level of abstraction and encapsulation for modelling services, so to allow improvements to parts of the DARTHs by anyone without disrupting the whole.
- To give API and web services to final users, researchers, technical professionals, programmers, to connect their studies and products to the whole D4M, thus combatting the fragmentation of hydrological modelling through a participatory open platform.
- My 3600 characters CV
- The proposal document
- The challenges, methods and objectives
- Go to the previous post to know what DARTHs are
Wednesday, December 15, 2021
DARTHs (Digital eARth Twin Hydrology systems)
To sum up, the Authors think that this is the right moment to push these ideas and desire to open a discussion with other colleagues.
Thursday, November 11, 2021
How to write a paper on a new hydrological model component
Let’s try to keep the matter simple. General rules apply:
- Have a narrative
- Get a scheme
- Cope with the basics
- Have in mind the specific of a paper vs other forms of communication
- Have in mind what reviewer thinks (this video gives further insights for the specific case of hydrological modelling)
Monday, November 8, 2021
GEOframe Winter School 2022 (GWS2022) - Save the dates Dec 20-22, 2021; January 10-14, 2022
December 20-22, 2021 - Installations and Informatics - Online
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Ercolano NA, Italy
And Pizza party every night ! Just Kidding |
- Catchment and Hydrologic Response Unit delineation
- Meteorological variables interpolation with Kriging techniques
- Simple evapotranspiration methods
- Rainfall-Runoff modelling (as explained in these 7 steps)
GEOframe Soil Plants Atmosphere Continuum and hydrology Estimator (GEO-SPACE) essentials
GEO-SPACE (formerly known also as Lys-GEO in its its 1D implementation) is intended to collect the growing set of GEOframe tools developed on the base of process-based philosophy. This can be found envisioned first in Freeze and Harlan, 1969, and, fo instance well documented recently in Fatichi et al., 2016 and Paniconi and Putti, 2016. From a different point of view, it can be considered the upgrade of the GEOtop model, that still efficient and up-to-date, and more advanced than other similar models, was considered to be improvable from the algorithmic and informatics structure. GEO-SPACE make leverage on the various common tools (components) shared with GEOframe-NewAGE and is made up specifically of two main groups components, WHETGEO (mainly due, so far to the work of Niccolò Tubini) and the evaporation and transpiration, as follows from the work by Michele Bottazzi and Concetta D'Amato (ET-GEO).
At present the development of GEO-SPACE (to become GEOtop 4.0) has still to achieve some goals, including the connection of plants treatment on WHETGEO 2D, the implementation of WHETGEO-3D, and so on. The current status of the project can be well described looking at the material presented at the Summer Schools on GEOframe that started in 2021 and will be held usually in week in middle June every year. The most recent School addresses the more recent material.
References
Fatichi, Simone, Enrique R. Vivoni, Fred L. Ogden, Valeriy Y. Ivanov, Benjamin Mirus, David Gochis, Charles W. Downer, et al. 2016. “An Overview of Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends in Distributed Process-Based Models in Hydrology.” Journal of Hydrology 537 (C): 45–60.
Freeze, R. Allan, and R. L. Harlan. 1969. “Blueprint for a Physically-Based, Digitally-Simulated Hydrologic Response Model.” Journal of Hydrology 9 (3): 237–58.
Paniconi, Claudio, and Mario Putti. 2015. “Physically Based Modeling in Catchment Hydrology at 50: Survey and Outlook.” Water Resources Research 51 (9): 7090–7129.
Tubini, Niccolò, and Riccardo Rigon. “Implementing the Water, HEat and Transport Model in GEOframe (WHETGEO): Algorithms, Informatics, Design Patterns, Open Science Features and 1D Deployment.” Geoscientific Models Development Discussions.
Thursday, November 4, 2021
Seven Steps Into Catchments analysis by Hydrological models
First step: Overall
- Seven Steps in Modelling I-III Overall Analysis,, Geomorphology, The Data (Vimeo2023)
- (Vimeo2022)
- 4 - Modelling setup, Calibration/Validation
- 5-6-7 Executing, Delivery of the results , Preparing for Open Science
Tuesday, October 26, 2021
The GEOframe Schools Index
The number of GEOframe schools has grown regularly during the last years, since 2019. We think that it could be interesting to keep track of them and their material in a unique place, and this is it. The most recent are first, the initial one the last.
Rock balancing done by Peter Juhl, author of "Center of Gravity: A Guide to the Practice of Rock Balancing." |
Links contains presentations, video, reference to code. Obviously the most recent material is more up-to-date but we did not cover the same topics along the years and therefore it could be interesting to browse also the old stuff. Please notice that the Winter School address Catchment modelling with lumped models (Hydrological Dynamical Systems), i.e. GEOframe-NewAGE modelling solutions; the Summer Schools are dedicated to process-based modelling, i.e. WHETGEO and GEO-SPACE. (Water, Heat, Energy and Transport in GEOframe, GEOframe Soil Plants Atmosphere Continuum Estimator).
- GEOframe Winter School 2024
- GEOframe Winter School 2023
- GEOframe Summer School 2022
- GEOframe Winter School 2022
- GEOframe Summer School 2021
- GEO frame Short Course for AdbPO 2021
- GEOframe Winter School 2021
- GEOframe Winter School 2020
- GEOframe Winter School 2019
Monday, October 25, 2021
Driven by Francesco and Olaf, one step in surrogate modelling
This is one of the paper to which I was more spectator than a real player. However, my name appears among the contributors because I was somewhat crucial for the project to succeed. The idea that bother many is that hydrological models aren too complicate and we need more simple models that get almost the same results. This is the rational for this work that was part of Francesco Serafin Ph.D. Thesis.
The main ideas was to get into OMS3/CSIP framework an artificial neural network (ANN) system that could surrogate the hydrological models. Surrogate means that it can reproduce most of the dynamic features of the model training the ANN and then making using it. The roadmap is simple but the realization involves several steps that the paper delineates.
So, here it is our paper and its abstract: Serafin, Francesco, Olaf David, Jack R. Carlson, Timothy R. Green, and Riccardo Rigon. 2021. “Bridging Technology Transfer Boundaries: Integrated Cloud Services Deliver Results of Nonlinear Process Models as Surrogate Model Ensembles.” Environmental Modelling and Software[R], no. 105231 (October): 105231.
Environmental models are often essential to implement projects in planning, consulting and regulatory institutions. Research models are often poorly suited to such applications due to their complexity, data requirements, operational boundaries, and factors such as institutional capacities. This contribution enhances a modeling framework to help mitigate research model complexity, streamline data and parameter setup, reduce runtime, and improve model infrastructure efficiency. Using a surrogate modeling approach, we capture the intrinsic knowledge of a conceptual or process-based model into an ensemble of artificial neural networks. The enhanced modeling framework interacts with machine learning libraries to derive surrogate models for each model service. This process is secured using blockchain technology. After describing the methods and implementation, we present an example wherein hydrologic peak discharge provided by the curve number model is emulated with a surrogate model ensemble. The ensemble median values outperformed any individual surrogate model fit to the curve number model.
Sunday, October 24, 2021
To potential postdocs
Are you interested to work with me or my colleagues, inTrento, as a post-doc in hydrology and Earth System Sciences ? Well, there are two main ways to do it and all of it has to do with the source of funding. If the funds comes from our own research, we expect that the post-doc interacts actively with the topics on which we are working on. Coming to me, there are many places in this blog where one can deduce what I am doing, but the characteristic of my research work is the commitment to build the GEOframe infrastructure. Therefore for applicants who wants to work with me, a good idea is to learn the use of GEOframe from the Winter School and the Summer School we held every year. There is a plenty of material (slides, video, codes, food for thinking) that we have prepared with which willing people can self-instruct. We also, I mean the group of GEOframers, will be very proactive in helping you if you want to learn it. Start here or here. To sum up: do you want to work with me/us ? Sweat to learn GEOframe! In the meanwhile you'll do it we will have time to know each other and understanding if we can get along whilst creating for you a reputation independent from ours.
A postdoc is though to be a pro-active person in the group making to advance the research, supporting Ph.D. Students, injecting new ideas and enthusiasm. Therefore learning to do what we do is just a prerequisite. We have expectations that they postdocs is able to pose research questions, suggest solutions, indicate new roads, leading the writing of papers for the best journals, and make our small community more rich.
Researchers who are more mature in this can try to get a grant by themselves, for instance, getting a grant through a project proposal, like, for instance, the Marie Slowdowska Curie calls. In this case, it is more appropriate to say that we can host their research in Trento University DICAM or C3A. They, grant winners, has their own research to pursue which is not exactly the mine and, in a sense, it cannot be. But I can give them support, exchange ideas, walk with them along the road drawn. It can be fun for both, and I am sure Trento is a nice place to do it. It is obviously worth if there is some connection with what I know and I am practicing or someone of us is doing.
An intermediate step would be to try to design, in advance, together, the project, before presenting it. I am, we are, available to help.
For other information, please give a look to what I wrote for Ph.D. Student applicants. We are talking, usually, of different ages, different maturity, different goals but some arguments remain the same.
Please, remind that I am also committed to produce open source software (meaning we do code and we do it open source) and open science. The most open possible. People with medieval attitude to science (i.e. who hide it selfish) can avoid the discussions applying elsewhere.
Friday, October 22, 2021
Riccardo Busti Master Thesis on Using the GEOframe System to model the Brenta Catchment
GEOframe-NewAGE is a tool that is becoming more and more tested on catchments. This Master Thesis presents the implementation of the system on the Brenta River. It presents some novelties, of which, some are visible and other more under the hood. The one visibile is the introduction of the possibility to model lakes, two of which are quite relevant for this part of the Brenta Catchment. The others are completely new algorithms for integrating the equations.
Anyway, you can enjoy the Thesis and its contents just by reading it at this link.
Thursday, October 21, 2021
Nobel Prize 2021 to Hasselmann and Manabe
A good summary of Manabe and Hasselman work is in Real Climate. It is worth to read.
Klaus Hasselmann and Suki Manabe |
The post is here and clarifies their outstanding contribution.
Wednesday, October 20, 2021
Trento Hydrology Awareness Days (International Conference) - 13 October 2021
We planned for one day and a half of presentations but eventually we occupied also the whole second day. Here below, please find the presentations and the videos of the second THAD. Also for this second day some remarkable guests: Fabrizio Fenicia (GS) and Christian Massari (GS)
The view of Trento from the Mesiano terrace |
Tuesday 12
- Fabrizio Fenicia (remote), Behind every robust result is a robust method: Perspectives from a hydrological case study (Vimeo)
- Riccardo Rigon, Separating the destiny of evaporation and transpiration: The transpiration case (Vimeo)
- Concetta D'Amato, On modelling the interactions between the critical zone , the vegetation and the atmosphere (Vimeo)
- Giacomo Bertoldi, Hydrological data collection for the Alpine Drought Observatory
- Bruno Majone, Short-term optimization of storage hydropower systems" (Vimeo)
- Sameer Balaji Uttarwar, Improving Seasonal Hydrometeorological Forecasting to support Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Alpine Watersheds (Vimeo)
- Andrea Galletti, Coping with the presence of Hydropower Systems in large scale Hydrological Modeling (Vimeo)
- Christian Massari (remote) - Understanding the benefits of sentinel-1 snow-depth retrieval on runoff estimation (Vimeo)
- Shima Azimi, Modeling water budget components in a karst area located in central Italy (Vimeo).
- Nerea Karmela Portillo de Arbeloa, Impacts of climate change on Transport processes along riverine environments (Vimeo).
Trento Hydrology Awareness Days (International Conference) - 12 October 2021
It happens that you have colleagues with who you want to start new collaborations. It happens that you have colleagues-friends that work on the same subject you do and live few meters from you and you jokes with them at the cafeteria, talk of everything but rarely on what you are doing in research. It happens that you have some visiting that do exciting work and are in your lab and you would like to have a seminar from them, exchange ideas, and experiment the fun of talking about research. It happens that you all have many Ph.D. students that barely know each others. It happens that you have an interesting project, WATZON, whose achievements should be presented. That's the origin of the Trento Hydrology Awareness Days (International Conference)
Last weeks, on October 12 and 13. We have setup a small organizing committee (Giuseppe Formetta and Riccardo Rigon, plus our eldest PhD. students, Niccolò Tubini and Concetta D'Amato) and a small Scientific Committee (Riccardo Rigon, Giuseppe Formetta, Alberto Bellin, Bruno Majone and Alessandra Marzadri). Everybody was invited to talk about a topic of their research. The one they like, without restrictions. Twenty minutes each one that expanded sometimes to forty minutes with discussion.
Particular thanks have to be given to the visiting Scientists: Glen Tootle (GS), Venkataraman Lakshmi (GS), Chaopeng Shen (GS), Felipe de Barros (GS) who traveled for this and Fabrizio Fenicia (GS) and Christian Massari (GS) who participated online. All our great Ph.D. students and postdocs who participated on site made their best.
Here below, please find the first day program, with presentations and videos.
The Mesiano Building and environment where the talks were held |
Monday 11
- Felipe de Barros - Utilizing the Concept of Hydraulic Connectivity to Speedup Uncertainty Quantification of First Passage Times (Vimeo video)
- Venkatataram Lakshmi - Global Hydrology and Water Resources: Big Data and New methods (Vimeo)
- Glenn Tootle - Po River Basin Streamflow: Interannual Climatic Variability & Paleo Reconstructions (Vimeo)
- Chaopeng Shen, From assimilating multiscale data to parameter learning: How to beat your teachers in hydrologic machine learning (Vimeo)
- Alberto Bellin Impact of climate change on water resources: what the data tell us (Vimeo)
- Alessandra Marzadri, Nitrous oxide emissions from streams and rivers: a scalable hybrid model environments (Vimeo)
- Niccolò Tubini On some advances in permafrost modelling (Vimeo)
Friday, October 8, 2021
GEOframe Summer School 2021 material is ready for your browsing, inspection, peruse
The GEOframe Summer School, actually held in Autumn this year, is intended to cover the the (distributed)-process-based hydrological modelling possible in the GEOframe system. This year the distributed part was not so developed because the focus was on the 1D tools. The School is intended to be held every year around mid-June. The image (please let me know the source, which I know is an old book of which I have a copy but I cannot find) represents very well the hydrologic simulation that our tools can model. The material (slides, videos, codes, data) are now available to the public and you can find it addressed below. All the material is distributed as open source (the Java codes under GPL v3 license, the Python Codes and all the rest under a Creative Commons license).
INDEX OF THE LECTURES for the inpatients (links to videos and material)
- Installations
- WHETGEO 1D - Introduction and material.
- Exercises with WHETGEO 1D
- WHETGEO 2D and a little about radiation estimation
- Evaporation, Transpiration and their interactions with the soil, LysGEO
Specific Documentation
- Some essential about the Object Modelling System
- Bottazzi, Transpiration Theory and the Prospero component of GEOframe, M, Ph.D. Thesis
- Casulli, Vincenzo, and Zanolli, P. 2010. “A Nested Newton-Type Algorithm for Finite Colume Methods Solving Richards’ Equation in Mixed Form.” SIAM Journal of Scientific Computing 32 (4): 2225–73.
- David, O., Ascough II, J. C., Lloyd, W., Green, T. R., Rojas, K. W., Leavesley, G. H., & Ahuja, L. R. (2013). A software engineering perspective on environmental modeling framework design: The Object Modeling System. Environmental Modelling & Software, 39, 201-213.
- Tubini, N., Theoretical and Numerical Tools for Studying the Critical Zone from Plots to Catchments, Ph.D. Thesis
- Fatichi, Simone, Enrique R. Vivoni, Fred L. Ogden, Valeriy Y. Ivanov, Benjamin Mirus, David Gochis, Charles W. Downer, et al. 2016. “An Overview of Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends in Distributed Process-Based Models in Hydrology.” Journal of Hydrology 537 (C): 45–60.
- Bottazzi, M., Bancheri, M., Mobilia, M., Bertoldi, G., Longobardi, A., & Rigon, R. (2021). Comparing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the GEOframe-Prospero Model with Penman–Monteith and Priestley-Taylor Approaches under Different Climate Conditions. Water, 13(9), 1221.
- Tubini, Niccolò, and Riccardo Rigon. 2021. “Implementing the Water, HEat and Transport Model in GEOframe WHETGEO-1D v.1.0: Algorithms, Informatics, Design Patterns, Open Science Features, and 1D Deployment.” https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-163.
Tuesday, October 5, 2021
The LysGEO modelling solution @ Italian Hydrological Society Hydrology days
@ The Italian Hydrological Society Hydrology days, Concetta D'Amato presented her work on the LysGEO model. As some knows LysGEO put together the WHETGEO 1D component with the (revised) Prospero component. The first estimates infiltration, the second performs evaporation and transpiration. Together they constitute a soil-water-atmosphere model, that it is what LysGEO is. Or if you prefer, it is a tool to investigate the critical zone.
LysGEO was already described elsewhere in the blog. However, in this case there is a relevant addition, derived from the work done utilizing the funding support of the WATSON cost action in Lausanne with Andrea Rinaldo e Paolo Benettin. They built a lysimeter whose seems to be the right experiment to test LysGEO. The presentation shows the first results (with almost no calibration). Clicking on the image above, you get the slides (in English). Here you can appreciate the presentation in Italian given by Concetta. LysGEO is a product of the WATZON PRIN project.
Tuesday, September 28, 2021
Modelling the River Po (Poster @SII Hydrology days 2021)
Wow, this will be the first meeting I will attend in more than two years. The are the Italian Hydrological Society (SII) days 2021 and will be held in Naples. We will be presenting a couple of interesting thing. This is the first poster on the modelling of the largest river basin in Italy, which is the topic of the poster here below. The poster should be self-explaining.
Monday, September 20, 2021
Notes for an incoming hydrology book, Contemporary Hydrology - a Preface
What’s on Earth is hydrology ? It is the science that studies the movements of water, from the atmosphere to the ground and into the ground and then back to the atmosphere again. This book does not aim to cover all the variety of issues and topics the movement of water causes but is mainly concerned with keeping the material simple and possibly concise. Insights are left to notes and to appropriate literature.
Sunday, September 19, 2021
What I did in research the last five years, 2016-2021
In the last ten years I focused on building a reliable system for doing hydrology by computer. This systems learns from the implementation of the process-based GEOtop and is based on the framework developed by ARS/USDA called OMS3. The new system is called GEOframe .
Tuesday, August 31, 2021
Building a story or how a "narrative" is important in science I: in writing
I found the below figure which I do not know the Author which I think can be useful to understand both what it is implied in writing a scientific paper and what is a theory, with respect to more simple analysis of data (or models, BTW). The first four arrangements of the data have some interest but, they do not capture much our interest. To do a gory example, is like to take an animal or a tree, separate them in parts and analyzing them from the point of view of the atoms it is made. This information is real but it does not say anything crucial about the living being. The being important think is realized when all the material is put together again (it would be great if the separation operation would be reversible) and it is analyzed in its "holistic" form and function.
Wednesday, August 18, 2021
GEOframe Summer School 2021 (moved to early Autumn for this year)
Scientific Committee: Prof. Riccardo Rigon, Ph.D.; Prof. Giuseppe Formetta, Ph.D; Ing. Niccolò Tubini, Ing. Concetta d’Amato, Ing. Marialaura Bancheri, Ph.D.
Organizing Institutions:
Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento
Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento
Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Ercolano NA, Italy
CONTENTS
The Earth’s Critical Zone (CZ) is defined as the heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources (National Research Council, 2001). Clear interest in studying the CZ is spurred on by ever-increasing pressure due to the growth in human population and climatic changes.
Main topics will embrace the water flow (and heat transport) in porous media, the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, and inverse problems. The aim of the course is to enable participants to run their own simulations with the GEOframe tools prepared to simulate the critical zone. They are process-based (e.g. Fatichi et al, 2016) tools, whose ambition is to simulate the processes of infiltration, heat transport and evaporation and transpiration. The GSS2021 deals mainly with the 1D tools and introduces the 2D ones called WHETGEO (1D and 2D), GEOframe-Prospero and LysGEO.
Besides the lectures and the hands-on sessions, the Summer School is the occasion for discussion and experience exchange among senior scholars and young researchers.
The School will be online on the Zoom platform.
PARTICIPANTS' BACKGROUND
Admissions are reserved to up to 30, PhD students and postdoctoral students, young researchers willing to learn the use of the GEOframe tools envisioned for the study of infiltration, energy budget, vegetation transpiration, water budget with process-based models
All students are asked to upload a CV and a motivation letter when applying.
WORKLOAD AND CREDITS
The Summer School which is to be held in English, consists of 6 hours/day of activities for 6 days. The first two days, 27, 28 of September the installation of the GEOframe-OMS system tools and the general characteristics of the system. Lectures will be brief, dedicated to informatics and most of the time will be used for supporting participants’ installations.
The other four days will cover simulation of infiltration with WHETGEO-1D and 2D, with Prospero Transpiration model, and with the LysGEO model. There will be lectures on the hydrological processes implemented and applications to use cases.
LOCATION
Due to the Covid-19 emergency all the activities will be held via Zoom.
PARTICIPATION COSTS
The cost is free for Students of the Hydrological Modelling Classes at the University of Trento, for Ph.D. students of the University of Trento DICAM and C3A programs, for the participants of the WATZON PRIN project and for all who wants to participate without having a certificate of GEOframe proficiency. Subscription to the class is necessary to receive the information to participate. For those who want the certificate, the Course costs 180 Euros. In any case the certificate is issued after the presentation of a small project of simulations for which appropriate tutoring will be given during and after the School.
CONTACTS
For further information write to: abouthydrology@google.com or to the Secretary of the Class dott. Lorena Galante, lorena.galante@unitn.it
OTHER INFORMATION
The GSS2021 talks and labs will be recorded and made publicly available during the School for self-training through the GEOframe blog (http://geoframe.blogspot.com).
Foreseen schedule
September 27-28:
These days are dedicated to those who never approached the GEOframe system and pursue the understanding of how it works. Who already knows how GEOframe works or have already installed it for different purposes than those of this School, can skip them
- Introduction to the Object Modelling System and GEOframe Infrastructures (Verona 2022 environment)
- Installation of OMS and GEOframe Verona
- Brief introduction to Jupyter notebooks and Python
- Few examples and Problem solving
This morning is mostly dedicated to fill theory of the processes investigated by this School on GEOframe, meaning infiltration in soil, the basics of Richards/Richardson equation to which follow some exercises. The afternoon will be used to discuss issues related to the application of different boundary conditions, different parameterizations of the soil water retention curves.
Morning session
- The Richardson-Richards equation
- The equation and its parts, and three form of the equation
- Soil Water Retention Curves
- Hydraulic conductivity models
- Numerical issues to keep in mind
- Practical session on Richardson-Richards equatio
- one homogeneous layer
- stratified layers
- playing with boundary conditions
- Presenting the results with Jupyter Notebooks
This day is dedicated to discuss the problem of the surface boundary condition.
Morning session
- Surface boundary condition and numerical issues
- Practical session simulating:
- Horton process
- Dunnian process
- Presenting the results with Jupyter Notebooks
- Individual exercises with support
This day is dedicated to the bi-dimensional case of the Richardson-Richards equation and to present the radiation energy budget.
Morning session
- Installing the software for building unstructured grids
- Manage 2D unstructured grids.
- Practical session on WHETGEO-2D on some pre-prepared cases
- Theory of radiation energy budget
- Practical session on computing the radiation energy budget
Day four is dedicated to the LysGEO model, evaporation and transpiration modelling and their coupling with R2.
Morning session
- Evapotranspiration theory and equations in the Prospero model
- Use of GEOframe - ET tools practices
- LysGEO theory
- Practical session on LysGEO:
- Comparison between potential ET and actual ET
- Set different stress factors
- Introducing vegetation traits
Specific Documentation
The specific documentation regards papers and thesis written on the GEOframe components used in this School. Other literature, of general interest, is provided within the presentations given during the course. Practical documentation for any of the tasks is provided by means of Jupyter Notebooks, of which the general ones are reported below.
Some essential about the Object Modelling System
- Bottazzi, M, Ph.D. Thesis
- David, O., Ascough II, J. C., Lloyd, W., Green, T. R., Rojas, K. W., Leavesley, G. H., & Ahuja, L. R. (2013). A software engineering perspective on environmental modeling framework design: The Object Modeling System. Environmental Modelling & Software, 39, 201-213.
- Tubini, N., Ph.D. Thesis (available soon)
- Bottazzi, M., Bancheri, M., Mobilia, M., Bertoldi, G., Longobardi, A., & Rigon, R. (2021). Comparing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the GEOframe-Prospero Model with Penman–Monteith and Priestley-Taylor Approaches under Different Climate Conditions. Water, 13(9), 1221.
- Tubini, Niccolò, and Riccardo Rigon. 2021. “Implementing the Water, HEat and Transport Model in GEOframe WHETGEO-1D v.1.0: Algorithms, Informatics, Design Patterns, Open Science Features, and 1D Deployment.” https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-163.