Showing posts with label Hydrology 2021. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hydrology 2021. Show all posts

Monday, February 22, 2021

The Hydrology Class 2021: the lab

Go to the Introduction
Go to the Software installation page
Go to the Foreseen Schedule

For the installations Go to the Software installation page, anyway do not miss the occasion to listen 2 Concetta D'Amato introducing it to you in Italian on Thursday 25, 2021:
2021-03-04 Introduction to working with Jupyter and Notebooks
2021-03-11 Explorations with the Notebooks and Python
2021-04-27 - Estimation of  the intensity-duration-frequency curves with Python
With this class we start the determination of the rainfall extremes in a point. For obtaining this we make use of the PANDAS and the Matplotlib libraries of Python (3.*). The determination of the extremes is a necessary step in any engineering project that involves water flows. Constructions like sewage systems, dams, levees, all require the knowledge of the expected precipitation with an assigned return period.
Do not forget to have the data of  Pluviometria Paperopoli ready.
2021-05-03 -  Estimation of  the intensity-duration-frequency curves with Python - II
Introduction to the GEOframe/OMS3 system
Geoframe is a system for doing hydrology by computer. It provides the components to model all the compartments of the hydrological cycle with tools that follow various modelling philosophies. The main idea it deploys is that these components can be joined at run time with a scripting language to provide "modelling solutions". During this course we explore some possibilities it offers.

2021-05-11 - Estimating the infiltration with WHETGEO 1D
To model infiltration we use a 1D implementation of the Richards equation called WHETGEO, an acronym which stands for Water, HEat and Transport in GEOframe. These classes introduces the simulations with WHETGEO step by step

2021-05-13 
    • How to create the 1D grid in practice (Vimeo2021)
  • How to create an OMS-formatted-csv-file (Vimeo2021)
  • Running the code (Vimeo2021)
    • In practice using the OMS3 console (Vimeo2021)
  • Examining the results (Vimeo2021)
  • A series of Notebooks with planned simulations for your inspiration (please pay attention that the environment geoframe_rossano already contains some of the scripts that needed to be uploaded. The Notebooks use an obsolete version of the simulations though)
2021-05-20 - Modelling Evapotranspiration
The third part of the lab regards the simulation of evaporation and transpiration. Three models are used, Priestley-Taylor, Penman-Monteith-FAO and the Prospero model.
Data
2021-05-27 - Modelling Radiation (in practice)
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Wednesday, February 10, 2021

The Hydrology Class 2021 - The Schedule

This post contains the foreseen schedule of the course. Material uploaded is subject to modifications prior to the schedule date. All the lectures will be to students present in blended format. Meaning that students can be either present or attend remotely. All of them will be recorded and uploaded to web. 

Go to the Introduction/References
Go to the Software page
Go to the lab page



Topics in bold are definitive. Topics in normal characters are still subject to modifications. 

2021-02-23 - Introduction to the course and to hydrology

2021-02-26  - Ground based Precipitations and their statistics Separation snow-rainfall - measure of precipitation

In this part of the class we describe where it rains and how much it rains using statistical concept. One important objective is to understand what are the extreme precipitations for their importance in engineering. 
2021-03-02 - Some reviews on statistics - Return Period
2021-03-04 Extreme precipitations  (Storyboard2020)
Distributions Storyboard2020
Determination of Gumbel's parameters
2021-03-09 Extreme precipitations  II
2021-03-11 Extreme precipitations  III
Beyond Gumbel
A summary about the extreme precipitation estimations (Whiteboard)

2020-03- 16 - Water in soil and aquifers. Darcy-Buckingham. Hydraulic conductivity. Soil water retention curves (Storyboard2020)

Once precipitations arrive to the ground surface they either infiltrate or generate runoff. We first state how they infiltrate and, actually how water behave in the soil and in the ground. We talk about the complexity of the Earth surface that contains life and call it, the Critical Zone. To study infiltration we introduce the Darcy and Richards equations of which we explain the characteristics. 
2021-03-18

2020 - 03- 23  - The Richards equation  (Storyboard 2020)
2020 - 03- 25  - The Richards equation - II
    2020-04-30 - Runoff Generation and propagation (Summary 2020)

    Once the rainfall gains the terrain, it can infiltrate or producing runoff. In the next we discuss the main mechanism to produce runoff.
    Q&A - Runoff

    2020-04-01 - The surface water propagation (a brief Storyboard 2021)

    Runoff moves on the surface of the terrain according to the de Saint-Venant equation. In the following the equation is derived in the 1D case.
          Evaporation generalities (Storyboard2020)

    A consistent part of root zone and surface water evaporates and returns to the atmosphere to eventually form clouds and precipitation again. The process follows quite complicate routes and is different when happening from liquid surfaces, soil or vegetation (and BTW animals).  In this group of lectures we try to figure out the physical mechanisms that act in the process and give some hint on methods to estimate evaporation and transpiration with physically based models. 
    2021-04-08

        Evaporation and Transpiration Formulas
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    Tuesday, February 9, 2021

    The Hydrology Class 2021 - Software

    There is no engineering without using models. During the class will be used various open source softwares and resources:

    All these resources are free, besides being open. 

    For installations requirements, please see the Installations Instructions:




    Go to the Introduction/References
    Go to the foreseen schedule

    Lab material of 2020 can be found here

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    The Hydrology Class 2021 - Introduction

    Go to the lab page

    What the course is about


    To have an idea about this class, please look at the Syllabus  slides in first lecture.  This year the class will be 90% similar to the one of the last year.  Laboratory work will be (mostly) concentrated in May and June. March and April up to Easter will be mostly spent to develop the theoretical parts.
    Lectures  and lab classes will be recorded and uploaded on my YouTube channel or on my VIMEO channel.

    The intermediate exam will be written (or oral *) with 3 questions about the topic treated to which the student will be asked to answer with text, figures and formulas. The final exam will be a discussion of the exercises provided by the students int the form of Jupyter notebooks plus a short Python exercise. Each of the exercises will be discussed separately and by booking an appointment with the professor before the formal date of the exam or at the day of the final exam. The touch-screen at the first floor of the Mesiano building  will be used for the presentations.

    This Hydrology class aims to explain the physics (meaning the mathematical equations and their phenomenology) and, in some cases, their statistics (i.e. the distribution) of the basic hydrological processes (precipitation, runoff, infiltration, evaporation and transpiration)
    Students will be required to:
    •  being able to derive and comment the hydrological equations above mentioned and 
    • to do some statistics on hydrological data. Particular attention will be dedicated to the derivation of the statistics of extreme rainfall.
    • Besides students will be requested to get some basics of the tools that will be used to estimate the hydrological fluxes (using a GIS, Python, and other tools, among those in GEOframe).
    They will be required to be able, by means of some models provided by the instructors the main hydrological fluxes and represent them at catchment scale.

    This is intended to serve as a basis for getting further knowledge and
    • prevent, manage, control floods, landslides and snow-avalanches
    • manage irrigation
    • estimate water availability for hydropower production
    • forecast roads freezing
    • estimate soil, roads, or snow temperature
    • forecast snow water equivalent and snow height
    Assuming that the student will take a master in Environmental Engineering at Trento University, Acquedotti e fognature, Modelli idrologici, Ingegneria fluviale, are classe that request the knowledge communicate in this Hydrology class. 



    The first part of the course, until April 3, will be dedicated to the presentation and discussion of theoretical concepts through lectures that will be videotaped and uploaded on the course's YouTube channel (or Vimeo). The lessons will cover 4 of the five hours per week. The fifth hour will be devoted to simple exercises with Python and Jupyter lab and to the preparation of the data necessary for the projects to be completed in the second part of the course in groups of two or three students.
    The student must take care to understand the hydrological concepts and discuss them with the lecturer. The first twenty minutes of each lesson will be devoted to the discussion of the topics covered in the previous lesson. Each group will have to prepare one question or comment to which the teacher will answer. A summary of the lesson will follow, followed by the actual lesson. The second part of the course will take up the theoretical themes of the first part and using the tools made available to the GEOframe system. Students, in groups of two or three, will have to:

    • Analyze a series of rainfall and hydro-meteorological data with the use of Python 
    • Estimate the intensity-duration-frequency curves with the methods presented in the first part of the course using the data of a hydro-meteorological gauge station
    Besides, they have to accomplish two of the following three tasks. 
    • Design, under the supervision of the tutor and the teacher, and run some infiltration simulations in complex soils and discuss the results.
    • Design, under the supervision of the tutor and the teacher, and perform the calculation of evaporation and transpiration in a chosen site
    • Studying the coupled transpiration and infiltration in one site. 
    * The exam will be written if COVID-19 will allow the students to be in classroom. Otherwise it will be oral. 

    References

    The lessons will be video recorded and made available. Each lesson will be given through slides in English which will be delivered to students in advance. When necessary, the lessons will be accompanied by appropriate in-depth articles. There is no real text because the course, even when it is fully in the hydrological tradition, elaborates the concepts in a contemporary way and uses innovative tools.

    As general reference texts we recommend:
    • Bras, R.L, An introduction to Hydrologic Science, ISBN-13: 978-0201059229, 1989 - ISBN-10: 0201059223, Addison-Wesley (July 1, 1989)
    • Brutsaert, W., Hydrology: an introduction, ISBN-13: 978-0521824798 - ISBN-10: 0521824796, Cambridge University Press, 2005
    • Dingmann, L., Physical Hydrology, ISBN-13: 978-1478611189, ISBN-10: 1478611189, Third Edition, Waveland Press, 2015
    • Freeze, A. ; Cherry, J., Groundwater, 1979
    • Lu, N. and Godt, J.W., Hillslope Hydrology and Stability, Cambridge University Press, ISBN-13: 978-1107021068, ISBN-10: 11070210652010, 2013

    These books represent a shareable review of phenomena and hydrological modeling but the methods they present are not necessarily those used in the course. The course, also for reasons of time, presents a selected and limited perspective of the subject that the texts cited dissect from various points of view.
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