Showing posts with label Posina. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Posina. Show all posts

Monday, July 10, 2017

A look back to go forward with JGrass-NewAGE

Let's give a look to the last two papers to delineate what is missing. They are all about the use of the JGrass-NewAGE system.


The key aspect of the whole treatment of the water budget is the closure strategy based on the Budyko hypothesis. This has been obtained by a suitable adaptation of the previous Adige-Hymod component that has to be futher cleaned: closing the budget in this way should become more easy and "normal”.  Notably, the method implies that we cannot easily account for cc, unless we let TB increase or decrease with time. However, there is no clear way to obtain this sliding TB from cc simulations.
Another aspect that distinguishes Pp is the use of MODIS for assessing the snow cover. That method would require a better definition, and a standardization of procedures which, again, is missing.
A weak point of this procedure is that ET does not depends on soil cover  characteristics. These characteristics have to be introduced appropriately, for instance giving plants' properties, which include foliage and some plants and roots dimensions which  affect water flows.

Other questions  involve the amount of simplification made when considering an HRU as the basic unit, and how a forcing attributed to a single point (inside a HRU) is representative of the variability of the whole area. Esemplificative is the case of the ET response, obtained by a single point or a small group of points inside the HRU and not by processing all the points. 
With respect to this, the original (version 0) of JGrass-NewAGE was more farsighted by introducing the  energy index calculator components. This OMS component was set to estimate the ratio of radiation received a single pixel inside the basin in a prescribed amount of time (i.e. a month, a year) with respect to a reference pixels. Then, when working in “real time” this factor was used to estimate (approximately) the radiation of the whole HRU on the basis of the single estimate of the reference point and saving, therefore, a lot of computational time. This type of simplifications should/could be reintroduced back again and used when relevant (for instance in Pp this should have been irrelevant for temperature, since its small variation inside each HRU). 


Besides what already said for the Pp that is valid also for BNp, there is to talk, for this paper, about satellite data. All the procedures to obtain those data were performed by using R scripts which are not reproducible and/or not well designed and/or not designed to be available to third parties. To make that research really sparkling, it would be necessary that those scripts and procedures would become real OMS components to be connected with the other ones that constitutesthe core of the paper.

The second point, obviously, is the use of very large HRU that was made: more than 400 square kilometers each on average (not so big, just as large as a square of 20 times 20 km). Therefore the arguments used in Pp, where HRU are of a few kilometers estension, are much more important here: how the sub grid variability of forcings like radiation affects the final results ?
Another aspect not well investigated is how the routing scheme used  affects the results. Clearly in a so large basin, this has to be investigated more thoroughly. Our tools have several routing schemes, including an integrator of a 1d de Saint-Venant equation. Using them could have some importance for the final assessment of our work.

Beyond this, another question arises: can we use those data and those results (in Pp and BNp) as benchmarks for future develpments of our system ? If not, this would be a big wound in our claim to do replicable research.


So, Let's get our sleeves back. 

Wednesday, March 29, 2017

A field trip to Posina catchment

Since a couple of years we started to work on modelling Posina catchment in the Italian pre-alpine area. There University of Padua colleagues, Marco Borga heading the group, started hydrological measurements since many years. Posina is a small catchment (116 km$^{2}$) located in the Alpine foothills of the Veneto Region in Italy. The elevation difference of the basin is 1820 meters. The climate is characterised as wet, with annual precipitation of 1,645 mm and annual runoff of 1000 mm. For a detailed report on its hydrological budget please see Abera's et al. paper.
Finally we had the occasion to visit it with Marco Borga himself and Giulia Zuecco on March 22 afternoon. Please here below find a photographic synthesis with  some comment.

1 - The position of the gauge station at the Stancari outlet.
2 - A view of the position of Bazzoni gauge position.
3 - A view of the Ressi sub-catchment top with a few of the buckets
4 -A more panoramic view (was not a sunny day)
5 - A panorama view with Giulia, Marco and Marialaura from left to right.
6 - Going inside the catchment, to explore these channels (?) or hollow. Soil depth is not very large here. Many trees just did not succeeded to stay still due to the limited roots development. Here and there the bedrock outcrops, but in other position, especially in the concave parts, soil seems to be deeper. 
7 - Here the bedrock channel is visible. We can see also the soil section with the roots of the tree in the foreground.
8 - The V-shaped weir where discharge and water level is measured
9 - The water sampler to do isotopes estimations
10 - A view of the sampler - weir area from below. Please observe the big fallen tree that just slightly touched the box with the sampler when falling. 
11- The throughfall measurement site. 500 hundred buckets for 500 hundred square meters
12 - The stemflow measurements 
It was a nice a pleasant trip! We hope to continue the collaboration further. 

Friday, August 19, 2016

Estimating the water budget components and their variability in a Pre-Alpine basin with JGrass-NewAGE

This paper shows the estimation of whole water budget in a 100 hundred square kilometers catchment of the Prealps, the Posina catchment.  The challenge here is to close the water budget with a coarse-grained model. The basin has alla the complexeties such a basin can have, and snow has to be taken into accounts.
Input data available are discharges measured in several gauges and hydrometeorological data measured in twelve meteo stations. However, evapotranspiration is not explicitly measured, neither are the water table levels.

The paper starts with treatign carefully the water inputs, and, chosing Kriging as a method for interpolation, detailed how to do it with the new tools offered by Jgrass-NewAGE (all the posts here).  It also discusses the separation of precipitation in snow and rainfall, and illustrates a way to do it by using MODIS data. Closing the water budget further requires some trick for separating water storage in soils and evapotranspiration. The paper devises a method for doing it, in assuming that the water storage is nullified after an appropriate set of years, called Budyko's time. The final outcomes is a reasonable estimate of any of teh components of the hydrological cycle at various time scale, and spatially distributed according to a partition of the catchments in hydrologic response units (HRU), as those depicted in the figure above. In any case, you can have the details of the story by reading the paper itself, by clicking on the figure or here.
Information related to this paper can also be found in the post dedicated to Abera's Ph.D. defense.
The preprint has been submitted to Advances in Water Resources.

Update

The paper was revised. Answer to reviewers, complimentary material and the new paper itself, can be found on Zenodo.

Update 2 - The paper was accepted for publication in Advances in Water Resources. You can find it here.