This post contains the foreseen schedule of the course. Material uploaded is subject to modifications prior to the schedule date. All the lectures will be to students present in blended format. Meaning that students can be either present or attend remotely. All of them will be recorded and uploaded to web.
Photo by Michele Vettorazzi |
2022-02-21 - Introduction to the course and to hydrology
- Syllabus (Vimeo 2021);
- A very short introduction to hydrology (Vimeo2022,Vimeo2021, YouTube2020,YouTube 2019);
- Mass & Energy budgets (Vimeo2022,,Vimeo2021, YouTube 2019,YouTube2020)
- A short Lab introductions. Go to the installation page or (look at here for a short video summary)
Complementary References
- Blöschl, Günter. 2022. “Flood Generation: Process Patterns from the Raindrop to the Ocean.” https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-2.
In this part of the class we describe where it rains and how much it rains using statistical concept. One important objective is to understand what are the extreme precipitations for their importance in engineering.
- The storyboard of the lecture (on Vimeo)
- A general overview (Vimeo2022, Vimeo 2021, YouTube2020)
- Separation rainfall-snowfall (optional)
- Statistics of ground precipitations (YouTube2019, YouTube2020, Vimeo 2021, Vimeo2022)
2022-02-28 - 2022-03-01 - Statistics of extreme precipitations
Some reviews on statistics - Return Period
- Whiteboard (2021) on statistics
- A little on exploratory statistics on the blackboard (2022)
- Whiteboard (2020) on Lognormal distribution
- Return period (Vimeo 2022)
- On the difference among risk and hazard (rischio e pericolo) Whiteboard2021.
Extreme precipitations (Storyboard2020)
Distributions Storyboard2020
Extreme precipitations II
- Maximum likelihood (Vimeo2022)
- Minimi quadrati (Vimeo2022)
- Test di Pearsons/Chi square (Vimeo2022)
- Summary (Whiteboard2021)
- More formal on Pearson's Chi square (Vimeo2022)
Beyond Gumbel
A summary about the extreme precipitation estimations (Whiteboard)
Once precipitations arrive to the ground surface they either infiltrate or generate runoff. We first state how they infiltrate and, actually how water behave in the soil and in the ground. We talk about the complexity of the Earth surface that contains life and call it, the Critical Zone. To study infiltration we introduce the Darcy and Richards equations of which we explain the characteristics.
2022 - 03- 15 - The Richards equation (Storyboard 2020)
- Soils (Vimeo 2022)
- Texture and Structure of soils (Vimeo2022)
- Vimeo2021,YouTube 2017, YouTube2018,YouTube 2019
- Textbook: Freeze and Cherry: Groundwater, section 2.8
- Aquifers (Vimeo2022)
- YouTube 2019,Vimeo2021
- Textbook: Freeze and Cherry: Groundwater, section 2.7
- Definitions (Vimeo2022)
2022-03-08
- Darcy-Buckingham law
- Darcy (Vimeo2022)
- (YouTube 2019, Vimeo 2021)
- Textbook: Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater, section 2.1 and section 2.12
- Buckingham (Vimeo2022)
- Old Material
- All together (YouTube 2017, YouTube2018)
- Buckingham (YouTube 2019, Zoom2020,Vimeo 2021)
- Complementary reading: Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater, section 2.2
2022-03-14
- Soil Water RetentionCurves (Vimeo2022, Part II)
- (YouTube 2017, YouTube2018,YouTube 2019, Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
- Complementary reading: Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater, section 2.6
- Hydraulic Conductivity
- Conductivity in unsaturated soils (Vimeo2022)
- Saturated conductivity (Vimeo2021)
- Textbook: Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater, section 2.3 and section 2.4
- Further readings
- Soil depth
- Soil Water Retention Curves
- The old post on soils
- Preferential flow in hillslopes
- Ning Lu's lectures on soil water
- Query and answers on previous material on quantitative soil water analysis
- Just the divergence Theorem (Vimeo2022)
- (YouTube2018,YouTube2019, Zoom2020,Vimeo2021)
- Some clarifications about Richards equation on the Whiteboards (I and II)
- Complementary reading: Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater, section 2.6
- Solving Richards equation (Vimeo 2022)
- (YouTube2018, YouTube2019, Zoom2020,Vimeo2021)
- Pedotransfer Functions (Vimeo 2022)(YouTube2017,YouTube2019 I & II, Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
2022-03-21
- Richards 1D (Vimeo2022)
- (YouTube2019, Zoom2020,Vimeo2021)
- Our attention on the interface sand-clay (Vimeo2021)
- (Optional) simplifications of Richards 1D (YouTube2017,YouTube2019)
- Further information:
- Macropores and Three-Dimensional infitration on hillslopes (Vimeo2022)
- The groundwater equation (Vimeo2022)
- (YouTube2019,Vimeo 2021)
- Textbook: Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater (Section 2.9 and section 2.11)
- Further Readings or views (optionals)
Q&A - Richards equation (2021, 2022)
Once the rainfall gains the terrain, it can infiltrate or producing runoff. In the next we discuss the main mechanisms that produce runoff.
Q&A - Runoff - Runoff 2022
2020-03-29 - The surface water propagation (a brief Storyboard 2021)
Runoff moves on the surface of the terrain according to the de Saint-Venant equation. In the following the equation is derived in the 1D case.
- The de Saint Venant equation 1D
- The continuity equation (Vimeo2022)
- The Momentum budget (Vimeo 2022)
- YouTube2019, Zoom2020, Vimeo2021
2022-04-04/05
A consistent part of root zone and surface water evaporates and returns to the atmosphere to eventually form clouds and precipitation again. The process follows quite complicate routes and is different when happening from liquid surfaces, soil or vegetation (and BTW animals). In this group of lectures we try to figure out the physical mechanisms that act in the process and give some hint on methods to estimate evaporation and transpiration with physically based models.
- Definitions (Vimeo2022)
- Evaporation Thermodynamics
- Evaporation as Entropy growth (Vimeo2022)
- Evaporation causes diffusion of water vapor and the Clausius Clapeyron Equation (Vimeo2022)
- (YouTube 2019, Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
- Old Material: (YouTube2018)
- Turbulent transport of vapor (and other quantities): the Daltonian law (Vimeo2022)
- YouTube2018, YouTube 2019, Zoom2020,Vimeo2021
- Textbook: M. Bottazzi (cap. 2.2)
- Whiteboards:
- A short reminder (Evaporation as vapor transport and evaporation as phase transition)
- On the parametrization of turbulence
- And again on the logarithm profile
- Evaporation as energy flux (Vimeo 2022)
- (Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
- Textbook: M. Bottazzi (chap. 2.3)
- Evaporation is water limited or energy limited (Budyko approach) (Vimeo 2022)
- Textbook: M. Bottazzi (chap. 2.1.0)
- Evaporation form soils (Vimeo 2022)
- (Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
- Textbook: M. Bottazzi (chap. 2.4.1-2.4.3)
- Transpiration (Part I - Vimeo 2022, Part II after a small summary)
- (Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
- Plants physiology and resistances to transpiration (supplemental material)
- Textbook M. Bottazzi (chap. 3.0-3.3)
- Various stuffs
- Answer to a student on displacement length and roughness length (Whiteboard2020)
- Some missing link about q(z0), the specific humidity at the evaporating surface (Storyboard2020)
- A little more of synthesis and a summary for what is below (Storyboard2020)
Evaporation and Transpiration Formulas
- Schymanski & Or derivation of Penman-Monteith equation (Vimeo2022)
- (Zoom2020, Vimeo2021)
- Textbook: M. Bottazzi (cap. 2.3.2-2.3.5)
- Simplification of the P-M solution (PM-FAO e Priestley-Taylor) (Vimeo2022)
- (Zoom2020)
- From Leaves to Canopies (Vimeo2022)
- Zoom2020
- Textbook M. Bottazzi (chap. 3.4)
2022-04-12 - After all radiation moves it all
- Radiation
- The Sun (YouTube 2017)
- Stefan-Boltzmann law and radiation spectrum (Vimeo2022)
- Sun to Earth (Vimeo2022)
- Coping with latitude and longitude (Vimeo2022)
- Coping with Sloped terrain (Vimeo2022)
- Atmospheric Absorptions (Vimeo2022)
- Copying with albedo and terrain cover properties
- Long wave radiation (Vimeo2022)
- Table of symbols
- Readings:
- Corripio, J. G. (2002). Modelling the energy balance of high altitude glacierised basins in the Central Andes. Ph.D Dissertation, 1–175.
- Corripio, J. G. (2003). Vectorial algebra algorithms for calculating terrain parameters from DEMs and solar radiation modelling in mountainous terrain. Int. J. Geographical Information Science, 17(1), 1–23.
- Formetta, G., Rigon, R., Chávez, J. L., & David O. (2013). Modeling shortwave solar radiation using the JGrass-NewAge system. Geoscientific Model Development, 6(4), 915–928. http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-915-2013
- Formetta, G., Bancheri, M., David, O., & Rigon, R. (2016). Performance of site-specific parameterizations of longwave radiation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(11), 4641–4654. http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4641-2016
- Various material from the AboutHydrology blog
- Q&A - Some questions on radiation, your answers and my comments.
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