AboutHydrology: February 2018

Tuesday, February 27, 2018

Hydrology 2018: Class 0

The zero lecture on my hydrology class. The whole picture of the class is here instead.

(a) Syllabus; or where I explain what the class is about, etc

(b) Explaining how to use the Open Science Framework for this class.-

Monday, February 26, 2018

Python general resources (for Hydrologists) to start with

There are a lot of resources to start with python, but for hydrologists, but here I tried, at least at the beginning, a list of readings to be quickly operative.

A nice and free general introduction is A Whirlwind Tour of Python either as a book or a collection of Jupyter Notebooks. For further reading and going deeper into some of the main libraries in Python, the same author published Python data science handbook. Unfortunately, this latter book is not for free.
Jupyter notebooks are a splendid way to organise calculations: you have first to lear how to use them (here a manual: it contains instructions for installation too).
Lectures on scientific computing with Python by J.R. Johansson cover the main topics very nicely. the first four of more general interest:

Lecture-0 Scientific Computing with Python (This is a general lecture)
Lecture-1 Introduction to Python Programming (Just basic notions on programming)
Lecture-2 Numpy - multidimensional data arrays (Array and vectors)
Lecture-3 Scipy - Library of scientific algorithms (Doing science with Python)
Lecture-4 Matplotlib - 2D and 3D plotting (No plots, no science: quite a general introduction)

Igor Bobriakov gives in his blog a nice review of the main libraries used nowadays. Useful to have a bird view on them.

For Italians, my own introductory lectures have their place, I believe also because I used Jupyter notebooks (and Python 3) to convey previous work by Joseph Eschgfaeller (translated from Python 2.7).

Una introduzione gentile al Python scripting (mostly a translation from JE lectures)
Esperimenti nella lettura di un file
Leggere un file con PANDAS (e plot dei dati con Matplotlib)

Scipy Lecture Notes is a good (not necessarily quick) starting. The html version supports hyperlinks that the pdf one does not. You can download the chapters in pdf and at their end, you can download the Jupyter notebooks with the exercises. You can also find part of the exercises here below

Matplotlib exercises

From Wes McKinney (creator of Pandas) Python for data analysis book:

Kevin Sheppard's introduction to statistical analysis with Python also a manuscript to read.

Other resources can be:

The main NumPy and SciPy documentation.
Python Scientific Lecture Notes a comprehensive set of tutorials on the scientific Python ecosystem.
Software Carpentry is an open source course on basic software development skills for people with backgrounds in science, engineering, and medicine.
Introduction to Statistics an introduction to the basic statistical concepts, combined with a complete set of application examples for the statistical data analysis with Python (by T. Haslwanter).

For who loves more traditional approaches than Notebooks and require a ”books like” approach, maybe because it happens that they never programmed before, the first information is the Python site itself. Its Italian counterpart is here.

They suggests Dive into Python (EN, IT) as a good starting book, and I think it is
Python Crash course is also a traditional type of book that covers all the traditional element of programming. It is certainly a good book but I would say that its approach does not cope exactly with the modern ‘hip’ approach that a scientist has when using python with more high level infrastructures as Pandas (and partially Numpy and Scipy are) which, for instance often do not require to explicit iterations with “for” loops.
Think Python (EN, IT) is also an alternative to previous books
A little different is Thinking in Python, because it is oriented to introduce topics of object oriented (OO) programming which are not usually covered in elementary programming books. Even if OO at its core is to get used to design patterns.

Specifically for hydrologists, but maybe a little obsolete, are:

with a preference for the first one.

Soil Physics with Python: Transport in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System, by Bittelli et al, is al, is a book on soil science which is quite appealing (as seen the TOC): the kindle version cost reasonably but it is in Python 2.7. Its Python programs are available here.

Tuesday, February 20, 2018

Costruzioni Idrauliche 2018

This is the material for the 2018 class in Hydraulic constructions at University of Trento. The material, is being revised during the class and is similar to the last year class. A first difference is that slides will be loaded into an Open Science Framework (OSF) repository. More information in the Introductory class below. The name is hydraulic construction. Actually it covers the hydraulic design of a storm water management system and the hydraulic design of an Aqueduct. With hydraulic design, I mean that the class teach how to calculate the hydraulics of infrastructure. It will not teach anything else and neither will cover how to really draw them to produce a final executive project. These knowledges are communicated in the class called "Progetto di Costruzioni Idrauliche".

Foreseen Schedule

T - Is a classrom lecture
L - Is a laboratory lecture

Storm water management systems

February

2018-02-26

Further readings (optional)
Using OSF

March

2018-03-01 - L - Introduction to Python with Jupyter (We mostly use the three notebook below):

Una introduzione gentile al Python scripting (mostly a translation from JE lectures
Leggere file da un file Excel e fare qualche grafico
Leggere un file con PANDAS (e plot dei dati con Matplotlib)
Further resources are available in this other post.

2018-03-05 - T -
A little of Statistics and Probability.

2018-03-08 - L -Explorative data analysis and Simple statistics with Python's Pandas

Gaussian Distribution
Central Limit Theorem Illustrated (and some other distributions)
Gamma Distribution (and some other further Python)

2018-03-12 - T - Statistical properties of Extreme precipitations and their interpolation.

Intensity duration frequency curves
Gumbel distribution functions
Moments method
Maximum likelihood method
Minimum squares method
The YouTube video of the class 2018.
Further readings ( see the Precipitations' post)

2018-03-15 - L - Estimation of Extremes with Python

Exercise: Using the examples of the last Lab, draw a Gumbel distribution.
Exercise: Select randomly from a Gumbel distribution and empirically shows the effects of the central limit theorem.
For estimating the Gumbel distribution parameters:

The YouTube video of the class 2018.

2018-03-19 - T - Element for the design of storm water management infrastructures- I.

The storm water drainage network (SWDN)
Urban cases
The estimation of the flood wave (the IUH case) and the Hydraulic design of the SWDN
YouTube Videos

2018-03-22 - L - Estimation of Extremes with Python - II

2018-03-26 - T - Elements for the design of storm water infrastructures

An example with a linear reservoir system
The so called "metodo italiano" (optional)
Pipes
Further readings

April

2018-04-5 - L Short introduction to QGIS for representing urban infrastructures.

Introduction to QGIS by Elisa Stella and Daniele Dalla Torre. For other information about tools installation, see the bottom of the page.
Using QGIS and GISWater to feed SWMM
Material/Data of the lab

Further Video classes on QGIS/GISWATER
Create subcatchments
Homogenize the subcatchment layer and insert it in the database
Geometric information subcatchments
Average Slope
Impervious
Simp, Routeto
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJIGH-ndcJ4

2018-04-09 - T- Pumping stormwaters.
2018-04-12 -L Working with SWMM for implementing a storm water management system
2018-04-16 - T - Pipes (slides from Roberto Magini) and infrastructures
2018-04-19 - L - Simple estimation of the maximum discharge via Python

Maximum Discharge from a linear reservoir model
Internal diameter of the pipe
Summing discharges from pipes (I)
Summing discharges from pipes (II)

Data

2018-04-24 - Midterm written exam

Question to be answered. Students will be required to answer to two (2) questions randomly chosen and (3) produce e code snippet in Python to perform the task required.

Instruction for the project of the storm water management system.

Aqueducts

As a general, simple and descriptive reference, the first six chapters of Maurizio Leopardi's book can be useful :

The state of the water supply in Italy is summarised here (Corriere della Sera, 2018-05-16)

May

2018-05-3 L - SWMM and Python problem solving
2018-05-7 T - Aqueducts

2018-05-101 L - Working with SWMM and PYTHON
2018-05-14 T - Design of aqueducts networks

2018-05-17 L - Introduction to EPANET
2018-05-21 T - External aqueducts & Reservoirs

External aqueducts (YouTube)
Reservoirs (YouTube)
Contemporary problems in aqueduct's network management

2018-05-24 L - A simple aqueduct configuration with EPANET
2018-05-28 - T - Water Sources

Springs (YouTube)
Wells (YouTube2018)
Excavations (optional)
Surface Waters

Generalities
Small Intake (YouTube2018), Grid (Optional)
Channel (Optional)
Sand Remover (Optional)

2018-05-31 - L - Working with EPANET to design an aqueduct

June

2018-06-04 T -

2018-06- 11 L - Problem solving with EPANET

Tools

During the class I will introduce sever tools for calculations.

Open Science Framework (OSF): It is a tool for sharing a workflow, especially design for scientific purposes. It allows storage of files and documents and their selective publication on the web.
Python - Python is a modern programming languages. It will be used for data treatment, estimation of the idf curves of precipitation, some hydraulic calculation and data visualisation. I will use Python mostly as a scripting language to bind and using existing tools.
SWMM - Is an acronym for Storm Water Management System. Essentially it is a model for the estimation of runoff adjusted to Urban environment. I do not endorse very much its hydrology. However, it is the most used tools by colleagues who cares about storm water management, and I adopt it. It is not a tool for designing storm water networks, and therefore, some more work should be done with Python to fill the gaps.
EPANET Is the tool developed by EPA to estimate water distribution networks.
GISWATER: http://growworkinghard.altervista.org/giswater-11-install-windows/
QGIS: http://growworkinghard.altervista.org/qgis-2-18-how-to-install-step-by-step-on-windows/

Notes collected by Students:

Notes on aqueducts by Mattia Ferrari

Some Examples of presentations on the projects of this class:

Questions for the midterm exam
Domande della prova intermedia 2017.
Grades (voti) of the intermediate exam.

Sunday, February 18, 2018

Conoscere, comunicare, gestire il rischio idrogeologico in ambiente montano: 3/3

On February 15, 2018, we had the second day of the workshop: "Know, communicate and manage the hydrological and geological risk in mountain environment", originally intended for journalists, technicians, as politicians. It was held at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Trento. This page reports the second day.
The first part of the workshop can be found in two previous post:

Introduction

About Italian legislation on hazards by Eugenio Caliceti

Planning Emergencies after natural hazards by Marta Martinengo

The hazard map of Trentino Province by Mauro Zambotto

Discussion after dott. Zambotto presentation

Comments on work groups simulations by Rocco Scolozzi

Conoscere, comunicare, gestire il rischio idrogeologico in Ambiente montano: 2/3

On February 7 and 15, 2018, it was organised a workshop entitled "Know, communicate and manage the hydrological and geological risk in mountain environment", originally intended for journalists, technicians, as politicians. It was held at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Trento. The morning talks are in another post.
The Afternoon was dedicated to a Conference open to the wide public. It covered the topic of which you see the YouTube videos below.

Other two pages refer of the conference:

The Experience of major Ugo Grisenti after the Campolongo event (August 15, 2010)

Some images from Campolongo

Information (about hazards) from the institutional channel by Giampaolo Pedrotti

Andrea Selva on the information on natural hazards (from the point of view of a local newspaper)

The judge and hazards: the experience of Carlo Ancona

Friday, February 16, 2018

Conoscere, comunicare, gestire il rischio idrogeologico in Ambiente montano 1/3

On Wednesday 7 and Thursday 15 February 2018 we held at our Department (DICAM) a workshop entitled: Know, communicate and manage hydro-geological risks in mountain environments. This workshop was one of the events of the Life FRANCA project. Please find below, in Italian, the YouTube of the talks.

The days were split into other two pages other than this one related to the first morning: